Total scores range from 0-104, with higher scores denoting higher levels of distress. Each questionnaire item is rated on a five-point scale from zero (not at all) to four (almost all of the time). The 26-item TRQ was developed to assess the effects of psychological interventions on tinnitus (treatment-related change) and distinguish between levels of tinnitus-related distress. (Figure 1B) shows that while the statements used in the THQ cover a number of aspects of tinnitus handicap, almost half of all statements relate to psychological / emotional aspects of tinnitus handicap. A clinically meaningful change score of 21 points has been proposed but the reliability of this change score may be compromised by the limitations of factor three, which appears to be an unreliable subscale.Īnalysis by Kennedy et al. Interpretation is limited however as no grading system has been developed. Total scores are scaled to be in the range 0–100, with higher scores indicating greater handicap. Using a 100 point scale for each statement allows small but potentially important changes in score over time to be detected, making this questionnaire useful as a sensitive outcome measure. For each questionnaire statement patients indicate their agreement from zero (strongly disagree) to 100 (strongly agree). Three subscales were originally proposed: (i) the impact of tinnitus on social, emotional and physical aspects, (ii) hearing ability and unease, and (iii) the individual’s outlook on tinnitus. The 27-item THQ was developed to measure tinnitus handicap and be sensitive to change in handicap over time.
#Dizziness handicap inventory spanish version full
Overall scores on the Mini-TQ correlate well with scores on the full TQ, but indicate slightly greater treatment effects than are indicated using the TQ. They therefore developed a rapid version, the ‘Mini-TQ’, using 12 questions from the TQ that showed high item-total correlations, reliability and sensitivity to change. Furthermore, Hiller and Goebel found that as part of a wider assessment battery, the TQ placed too much demand on time, and noted from experience that many items had little value or relevance to clinical decision making. There is no grading system or minimal clinically important change score yet available. (Figure 1A), the majority of the questionnaire items focus on emotional and cognitive aspects of handicap. Both suggest the TQ measures five separate domains of tinnitus distress, but as shown by Kennedy et al. Validation studies have only been conducted for a modified version of the TQ and the German translation version. To six domains of tinnitus impact reported by Kennedy et al. Total scores range from 0-82, with higher scores indicating more distressing tinnitus.įigure 1: Distribution of questions from five tinnitus questionnaires according A three point scale limits its utility as an outcome measure. For each item, individuals indicate the level of agreement by answering not true (score 0), partly true (score 1), or true (score 2).
It is also used to evaluate change and the relationship between different aspects of complaint and other psychological variables to tinnitus. The 52-item TQ was developed by Hallam et al. , we ask what aspects of tinnitus handicap each questionnaire is actually measuring. Here we discuss the utility of these and more recently developed questionnaires now in use, and extending use of an analysis originally conducted by Kennedy et al. Ībout two-thirds of clinicians in NHS audiology departments routinely use questionnaires to assess tinnitus severity, including the Department of Health recommended Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ). Perceptual measurements (for example the pitch or loudness of tinnitus) do not reliably reflect how bothersome tinnitus is across individuals, so self-reported questionnaires are essential to quantify tinnitus severity and to measure change in tinnitus handicap over time. Measuring such handicap and determining clinical need is therefore far from trivial. The handicap associated with tinnitus can arise from any combination of stress, anxiety, depression, emotional distress, insomnia, difficulties concentrating, or impairments in quality of life or everyday functioning.
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